英语写作 如何突出句子中的重点
句子的重点可以通过下列方法,加以突出:
1.把重点摆在句首或句尾。
一般而论,最显眼的位置是在“句尾,其次是在句首,中间的位置最平淡,乏善可陈。例如:
(1)Incorrectgrammarandimproperconstructioninvariablydistractreaders'attention.
(2)Thehistoryofvocabularyis,inmanyways,therecordofcivilisation.
把重点放在句尾是种“吊胃口”的方法,读者或听者非得读完或听完整句不可。
2.在复杂句里,把主句放在从句之后。
除了名词从句和形容词从句之外,因为它们位置较固定,副词从句中有几种的位置灵活,可以在主句之前出现,也可以跟在主句之后。通常我们就把这样的副词从句提前,重点则放在后头的主句,如(3b):
(3a)IcameuponanoldclassmatewhenIwenttotownyesterday.
(3b)WhenIwenttotownyesterday,Icameuponanoldclassmate.
副词短语更是如此,如(4b):
(4a)Steeliscommonlyusedtomakeknives,razorsandotherusefultoolsbecauseofitsdurability.
(4b)Beacuseofitsdurability,steeliscommonlyusedtomakeknives,razersandotherusefultools.
3.把较重要或有分量的词语放在后头,如(5b)和(6b):
(5a)Iwasdelightedandamusedbytheclassicalopera
(5b)Iwasamusedanddelightedbytheclassicalopera.
(6a)Thatsinger'slifewastragicandbrief.
(6b)Thatsinger'slifewasbriefandtragic.
4.把句子中一系列的项目作逻辑性的排列。例如:
(7)Tonyatehisdinner,watchedTV,andthenwenttobed.
(8)Wereyouboredwithyearsofstudyinelementaryschool,highschoolandinstituteofhighereducation?
5.必要时,重复重要的语词或概念。例如:
(9)Jackieenjoysthecompanyofladies.Helikestheirbeauty,helikestheirdelicacy,helikestheirvivacity,andhelikestheirsilence.
(10)...thelandstretchedoutwithoutnames.Namelessheadlandssplitthesurf;namelesslakesreflectedthenamelessmountainsandnamelessriversflowedthroughnamelessvalleysandnamelessbays.
6.尽量用主动说态,因此(11b)比(11a)好:
(11a)Apedestrianwasstruckontheheadbyaflyingstone.
(11b)Aflyingstonestruckapedestrianonthehead.
7.适当时候,可用倒装句和平行句,如:
(12)Sevendwarfslivedhereinthecentreofthedarkforest.→Here,inthecentreofthedarkforestlivedsevendwarfs.
(13)Severitybreedsfear;roughnessbreedshatred.
(14)HonestyrecommendsthatIspeak;self-interestdemandsthatIremainsilent.
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